Linux:SUSE Linux – Zypper 命令示例
June 11, 2015
Zypper是SUSE Linux中用于安装,升级,卸载,管理仓库、进行各种包查询的命令行接口。本篇将会讨论zypper的几个不同命令的例子。
语法:
# zypper [--global-opts][--command-opts] [command-arguments]
中括号中的部分可以不需要。执行zypper最简单的方法是输入 zypper 及
Table of Contents
例子1:列出可用的全局选项和命令
打开终端,输入zypper并按回车,它会显示所有可用的全局选项和命令。
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper
例子2:获得zypper的某个命令的帮助
语法: zypper help [command]
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper help remove remove (rm) [options]... Remove packages with specified capabilities. A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP ], where OP is one of <, <=, =, >=, >. Command options: -r, --repo Load only the specified repository. -t, --type Type of package (package, patch, pattern, product). Default: package. -n, --name Select packages by plain name, not by capability. -C, --capability Select packages by capability. --debug-solver Create solver test case for debugging. -R, --no-force-resolution Do not force the solver to find solution,let it ask. --force-resolution Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one). -u, --clean-deps Automatically remove unneeded dependencies. -U, --no-clean-deps No automatic removal of unneeded dependencies. -D, --dry-run Test the removal, do not actually remove.
例子3:打开zypper shell/会话
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper sh zypper>
或
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper shell zypper>
例子4:列出已定义的仓库
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper repos
或
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper lr
4.1) 以表格的形式列出仓库的URI
4.2) 以优先级列出仓库
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper lr -p
例子5:刷新仓库
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper ref Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Non-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Oss' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Update' is up to date. Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-Update-Non-Oss' is up to date. All repositories have been refreshed.
例子6:修改zypper仓库
zypper仓库可以通过别名、数字或者URI或者通过‘–all、 –remote、 –local、 –medium-type’这些选项修改。
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -d 6 #禁用6号仓库 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -rk -p 70 upd #启用自动书信并为‘upd’仓库设置rpm文件‘缓存’,且设置它的优先级为70 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -Ka #为所有的仓库禁用rpm文件缓存 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -kt #为远程仓库设置rpm文件缓存
例子7:添加仓库
语法: zypper addrepo 或者 zypper ar <仓库的URL或者别名>
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/ update Adding repository 'update' .............................................[done] Repository 'update' successfully added Enabled: Yes Autorefresh: No GPG check: Yes URI: http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/
例子8:移除仓库
语法: zypper removerepo <仓库名> <别名>
或者
zypper rr <仓库名> <别名>
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper rr openSUSE-13.1-1.10 openSUSE-13.1-1.10 Removing repository 'openSUSE-13.1-1.10' ............................[done] Repository 'openSUSE-13.1-1.10' has been removed.
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