Python中运算符重载的使用分析

Python中运算符重载是如何来使用的呢？下面的内容将会通过具体的实例来演示Python中运算符重载的使用方法及相关技巧：

本文实例讲述了Python运算符重载用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

在Python语言中提供了类似于C++的运算符重在功能：

一下为Python运算符重在调用的方法如下：

Method Overloads Call for
__init__ 构造函数 X=Class()
__del__ 析构函数 对象销毁
__add__ + X+Y,X+=Y
__or__ | X|Y,X|=Y
__repr__ 打印转换 print X，repr(X)
__str__ 打印转换 print X，str(X)
__call__ 调用函数 X()
__getattr_ 限制 X.undefine
__setattr__ 取值 X.any=value
__getitem__ 索引 X[key]，
__len__ 长度 len(X)
__cmp__ 比较 X==Y,X

1. 减法重载

class Number:
  def __init__(self, start):
    self.data = start
  def __sub__(self, other): #minus method
    return Number(self.data - other)
number = Number(20)
y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method
class Number:
  def __init__(self, start):
    self.data = start
  def __sub__(self, other): #minus method
    return Number(self.data - other)
number = Number(20)
y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method
 

2. 迭代重载

class indexer:
  def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override
    return index ** 2
X = indexer()
X[2]
for i in range(5):
  print X[i]
class indexer:
  def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override
    return index ** 2
X = indexer()
X[2]
for i in range(5):
  print X[i]
 

3. 索引重载

class stepper:
  def __getitem__(self, i):
    return self.data[i]
X = stepper()
X.data = 'Spam'
X[1] #call __getitem__
for item in X: #call __getitem__
  print item
class stepper:
  def __getitem__(self, i):
    return self.data[i]
X = stepper()
X.data = 'Spam'
X[1] #call __getitem__
for item in X: #call __getitem__
   print item
 

4. getAttr/setAttr重载

class empty:
  def __getattr__(self,attrname):
    if attrname == 'age':
      return 40
    else:
      raise AttributeError,attrname
X = empty()
print X.age #call__getattr__
class accesscontrol:
  def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
    if attr == 'age':
      # Self.attrname = value loops!
      self.__dict__[attr] = value
    else:
      print attr
      raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'
X = accesscontrol()
X.age = 40   #call __setattr__
X.name = 'wang' #raise exception
class empty:
  def __getattr__(self,attrname):
    if attrname == 'age':
      return 40
    else:
      raise AttributeError,attrname
X = empty()
print X.age #call__getattr__
class accesscontrol:
  def __setattr__(self, attr, value):
    if attr == 'age':
      # Self.attrname = value loops!
      self.__dict__[attr] = value
    else:
      print attr
      raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'
X = accesscontrol()
X.age = 40   #call __setattr__
X.name = 'wang' #raise exception
 

5. 打印重载

class adder:
  def __init__(self, value=0):
    self.data = value
  def __add__(self, other):
    self.data += other
class addrepr(adder):
  def __repr__(self):
    return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data
x = addrepr(2) #run __init__
x + 1    #run __add__
print x   #run __repr__
class adder:
  def __init__(self, value=0):
    self.data = value
  def __add__(self, other):
    self.data += other
class addrepr(adder):
  def __repr__(self):
    return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data
x = addrepr(2) #run __init__
x + 1    #run __add__
print x   #run __repr__
 

6. Call调用函数重载

class Prod:
  def __init__(self, value):
    self.value = value
  def __call__(self, other):
    return self.value * other
p = Prod(2) #call __init__
print p(1) #call __call__
print p(2)
class Prod:
  def __init__(self, value):
    self.value = value
  def __call__(self, other):
    return self.value * other
p = Prod(2) #call __init__
print p(1) #call __call__
print p(2)
 

7. 析构函数重载

class Life:
  def __init__(self, name='name'):
    print 'Hello', name
    self.name = name
  def __del__(self):
    print 'Goodby', self.name
brain = Life('Brain') #call __init__
brain = 'loretta'  # call __del__
 

Python中运算符重载就是这样，欢迎大家参考。。。。